The capital, also called Luxembourg, has many sites of cultural and historical significance including fortifications dating back to Roman times. The capital also boasts a good selection of museums and art galleries, excellent shopping facilities and fine restaurants. The country is divided into two distinct geographic regions: the rugged uplands (Oesling) of the Ardennes in the north, and the fertile southern lowlands, called Bon Pays (Good Land). The entire area is crisscrossed by deep valleys, with most rivers draining eastward into the Sûre, which in turn flows into the Moselle on the eastern border.

Luxembourgish is a German-Moselle-Frankish dialect and became the officially recognized national language of Luxembourg in 1984, although many citizens are multilingual, speaking German and French as well. At most hotels and other travel venues it is usually possible to find someone who speaks English.

July is the hottest month in Luxembourg with an average temperature of 18°C (64°F) and the coldest is January at 0°C (32°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 6 in August.

The wettest month is June with an average of 100mm of rain.